Sinusitis: Early treatment prevents complications

It is a common condition, but one that could end up controlling your life if not properly managed.

Sinusitis, or rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the sinuses. Normally, the sinuses drain mucus smoothly into the nose, but when this "drainage system" gets blocked due to an infection, swelling or even allergies, mucus builds up, creating the perfect environment for germs to breed and that's when sinusitis occurs.

It's a very common problem that can affect anyone, but with the right care, most people recover well, says Pantai Hospital Melaka consultant ear, nose and throat surgeon Dr Timothy Wong Leong Wei.

Who’s at risk?

Certain individuals are at increased risk and these include smokers and passive smokers, those with allergic rhinitis, asthma or chronic respiratory diseases, and people with a family history of the condition. Those who frequently catch colds, have gastroesophageal reflux disease or sleep apnea, immunocompromised individuals and people with anatomical variations that impede sinus drainage are also at risk.

"Often, sinusitis is triggered by a viral infection that a person contracts. The source can be bacterial as well, but if it is, it would be worse compared to a viral infection."

Usually, a cold will resolve on its own within five days, explains Dr Wong.

If there is worsening of symptoms after five days or symptoms persist after 10 days, then it has progressed to acute sinusitis.

While not every cold will lead to sinusitis, it is wise to seek treatment if symptoms persist beyond the normal time frame.

If sinusitis isn't treated or managed properly, it can become chronic, meaning symptoms last for months.

In rare cases, the infection can spread to the eyes or even the brain, which is very serious and needs urgent medical attention.

"More commonly, untreated sinusitis can lead to poor sleep, fatigue and a lower quality of life."

Managing Sinusitis

For acute viral sinusitis, symptomatic relief is achieved with analgesics (painkillers), antipyretics (fever reducers) and nasal saline irrigation.

Intranasal corticosteroid sprays may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation.

Dr Wong says antibiotics are reserved for cases where bacterial infection is strongly suspected or confirmed.

Chronic sinusitis, meanwhile, may require long-term use of intranasal corticosteroids, and in some cases, oral corticosteroids or surgery if medical therapy fails.

Saline nasal irrigation is recommended for both acute and chronic cases and antihistamines are useful if allergic symptoms are present.

Dr Wong says surgery is considered only for complications or when optimal medical therapy fails.

"If you're struggling with sinusitis, don't suffer in silence. With the right care, you can breathe easier, sleep better, and get back to enjoying life."

Sinusitis – Fast Fasts

Acute (short term) - lasting less than 12 weeks

Chronic (long-term) - lasting 12 weeks or more.

Sinusitis - Symptoms

• Blocked or stuffy nose
• Thick, yellowish or greenish mucus
• Pain or pressure in the face (especially around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead)
• Reduced or lost sense of smell
• Headache, postnasal drip (mucus dripping down the back of your throat)
• Cough, sore throat, and sometimes fever

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