How Pertussis Affects the Respiratory System

What is Pertussis and How Does it Impact the Body?

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a bacterial infection that primarily targets the respiratory system. Caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria, it is highly contagious and spreads through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. This disease can affect individuals of all ages but is particularly severe for infants, young children, and the elderly. The infection typically starts with mild symptoms resembling a cold, such as a runny nose, mild cough, and low-grade fever, but as it progresses, it leads to severe coughing fits. Pantai Hospitals is committed to providing the best possible care and treatment for pertussis, using advanced medical techniques and a team of experienced specialists to manage the disease effectively. Early detection and appropriate intervention are key to preventing the disease from escalating and causing complications.

How Does Pertussis Affect the Respiratory System?

A. Coughing Fits and Difficulty Breathing

One of the hallmark symptoms of pertussis is the characteristic "whooping" sound that follows a violent coughing fit. This is often accompanied by difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, especially during the coughing episodes. These fits can be extremely exhausting, leading to sleep deprivation, dehydration, and a general decline in health. Pantai Hospitals emphasises the importance of early diagnosis and management of pertussis to help mitigate the severity of these symptoms. During the coughing fits, the body may struggle to get enough oxygen, which can lead to hypoxia (low oxygen levels in the blood). If left untreated, this can result in long-term damage to the respiratory system (Bhutta et al., 2024). 

B. Long-Term Effects on Lung Health

While pertussis is often treatable with antibiotics, the long-term effects of the infection can be concerning. In some cases, individuals may experience lasting damage to the lung tissue, particularly if they experienced severe coughing fits. The inflammation and strain on the respiratory system can weaken the lungs, leading to chronic coughing, reduced lung capacity, and other complications such as bronchitis or asthma. Pantai Hospitals offers comprehensive post-infection care and rehabilitation services to help individuals regain full lung function and improve their quality of life after recovering from pertussis.

How Can Pertussis Be Prevented?

The most effective way to prevent pertussis is through vaccination. The DTaP vaccine, which is part of Malaysia's National Immunisation Program, is recommended for all children and adults. The vaccine provides long-term protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. However, as immunity from the vaccine can wane over time, it is important to receive booster doses, particularly for those in close contact with infants or high-risk individuals. Pregnant women should also get the Tdap vaccine during their third trimester to help protect their newborns from pertussis. Pantai Hospitals offers comprehensive vaccination services for people of all ages, ensuring that families are adequately protected against pertussis and other infectious diseases such as rubella.

FAQs

1. Can pertussis be treated with antibiotics?

Yes, antibiotics such as azithromycin and erythromycin are commonly used to treat pertussis, especially when administered early in the infection. Antibiotics can help reduce the severity of symptoms and prevent the spread of the infection to others.

2. Is pertussis contagious even after treatment?

Yes, pertussis remains contagious for up to three weeks after the onset of coughing or until five days after starting antibiotic treatment. It is essential to follow isolation protocols and complete the full course of antibiotics to reduce the risk of transmission.

3. Is there a link between pertussis and other respiratory diseases like pneumonia?

Yes, pertussis can lead to complications such as pneumonia, which may require hospitalisation. In severe cases, it can also cause long-term damage to the lungs. Pantai Hospitals' respiratory specialists closely monitor these complications to ensure appropriate care and treatment.

4. Can pertussis affect people who have been vaccinated?

While the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of contracting pertussis, it is still possible to get infected. However, vaccinated individuals usually experience milder symptoms and are less likely to develop severe complications. Regular booster shots help maintain immunity.

5. Why is it important for pregnant women to get vaccinated?

Pregnant women who receive the Tdap vaccine help protect their babies from pertussis by passing on antibodies before birth. This protection is crucial as newborns are particularly vulnerable to severe illness from pertussis.

Book an Appointment at Pantai Hospitals

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a serious respiratory infection that can lead to severe complications, especially in infants and those with weakened immune systems. Symptoms like persistent coughing, difficulty breathing, and the "whooping" sound should be addressed immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment at Pantai Hospitals can help manage the infection and prevent further complications.

Do not wait—take proactive steps for your health today. Contact us to book an appointment through our website or download the MyHealth360 application from Google Play Store or Apple App Store. 

Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.