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Endoscopy is a vital medical procedure used to examine the internal organs and structures of the body. Using a flexible tube equipped with a light and camera, doctors can look inside the body without the need for large incisions (Boese et al., 2022). This non-invasive diagnostic tool has revolutionised how medical professionals assess a variety of health conditions. At Pantai Hospitals, a leading healthcare provider in Malaysia, endoscopy procedures are carried out with the latest technology, providing patients with accurate, early diagnoses for many conditions, especially those concerning the digestive system. Gastroenterology specialists at Pantai Hospitals rely on endoscopy to identify and manage diseases like acid reflux, ulcers, and even cancer.
Gastroscopy, also known as an upper endoscopy, is one of the most common types of endoscopic procedures. This procedure is used to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum).
During a gastroscopy, a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is gently inserted through the mouth and into the stomach. The tube has a camera at the tip, allowing the gastroenterology specialist to get a clear view of the digestive tract’s lining.
Gastroscopy is commonly performed to investigate symptoms like persistent indigestion, nausea, or pain. It can also help in diagnosing ulcers, gastritis, acid reflux, and, in some cases, stomach cancer.
The procedure is minimally invasive and usually takes less than 30 minutes. Unlike traditional surgery, gastroscopy has a shorter recovery time, meaning patients can return to their normal routines much faster.
Colonoscopy is another crucial endoscopic procedure used to examine the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is considered the gold standard for detecting colorectal issues, including early signs of cancer.
A flexible tube, similar to the one used in gastroscopy, is inserted into the rectum to examine the entire colon. The colonoscope is equipped with a camera to provide clear images of the colon’s inner walls.
Colonoscopy is primarily used to detect colorectal cancer, identify polyps, and diagnose conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It is typically recommended for individuals over 50 years of age or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Colonoscopy can detect abnormal growths or cancer before symptoms appear, which significantly increases the chances of successful treatment (Stauffer & Pfeifer, 2021). By removing polyps during the procedure, doctors can prevent cancer from developing.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) combines endoscopy with ultrasound technology to provide detailed images of the digestive tract and surrounding organs. This method is used to examine deeper layers of tissue that standard endoscopy cannot reach, making it invaluable for diagnosing complex gastrointestinal conditions.
An endoscope with an ultrasound probe is inserted into the body, allowing the specialist to view high-resolution images of the digestive system and nearby structures such as the pancreas, liver, and bile ducts.
EUS is particularly useful for diagnosing pancreatic cancer, liver disease, and bile duct disorders. It is also used to assess lymph nodes and detect abnormal masses in the digestive system.
EUS provides greater precision in diagnosing diseases that might be difficult to detect with other imaging techniques. It allows specialists to take tissue samples (biopsies) if necessary, for further analysis.
Preparing for an endoscopy can vary depending on the type of procedure you are undergoing. However, there are some general guidelines that apply to most endoscopic procedures.
Patients are usually asked to fast for at least 6-8 hours to ensure the stomach or colon is empty for optimal viewing. Your doctor will also inform you about any medications you may need to stop taking before the procedure.
Endoscopic procedures are typically performed under local anaesthesia or sedation to ensure that the patient remains comfortable. The gastroenterology specialist will insert the endoscope into the body through either the mouth or rectum, depending on the procedure, and carefully examine the area of concern.
Most patients recover quickly after endoscopy, though mild bloating, gas, or a sore throat may occur, depending on the type of procedure. It is essential to follow the post-procedure care instructions provided by your doctor. In some cases, you may be required to stay for observation if sedation was used (WHO, 2023).
Both are types of endoscopy, but they examine different parts of the digestive system. Gastroscopy looks at the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum), while colonoscopy focuses on the colon and rectum.
Endoscopy is generally a safe procedure, with risks being minimal. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, but these complications are rare. The procedure is performed by experienced specialists to minimise these risks.
In most cases, you will need to avoid eating or drinking for 6-8 hours before an endoscopy. This ensures that the digestive tract is clear, providing the best possible conditions for the procedure.
Recovery time depends on the type of endoscopy, but most patients can resume normal activities within 24 hours. Any discomfort or bloating usually resolves on its own shortly after the procedure.
Yes, endoscopy is a highly effective tool for detecting early signs of cancer, particularly in the digestive system. If any suspicious areas are found during the procedure, a biopsy can be taken for further analysis.
Other Endoscopy procedures include:-
6.1. Bronchoscopy - Visualisation and assessment of lung tumors and other lung diseases, collect biopsies under image guidance or manage narrowing of bleedings.
6.2. Small Bowel Endoscopy - Visualisation of the small bowel using special over tubes with inflatable balloons or a motorized spiral are used to pull and pleat the intestine onto the enteroscope.
6.3. Thoracoscopy - Visualisation of the pleural cavity or the lungs through a small incision in the chest wall.
6.4. Others are Neurological endoscopy, Urological Endoscopy, Arthroscopy, Gynaecological Endoscopy, Ear, Nose and Throat Endoscopy , Robotic Endoscopy Systems and Mediastinoscopy.
Endoscopy is an essential and non-invasive procedure that provides gastroenterology specialists at Pantai Hospitals with detailed insights into a patient's digestive health. Whether it is for routine screening or addressing specific symptoms, endoscopy plays a critical role in the early detection and management of many gastrointestinal conditions. If you are experiencing digestive discomfort or if you are due for a screening, do not wait—consult with a specialist today. Book an appointment for a vaccination consultation or health screening via our website or by downloading the MyHealth360 application from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
Pantai Hospitals have been accredited by the Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH) for its commitment to patient safety and service quality.
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