Migraine Vs Headache: Know The Difference And Hidden Triggers

Most people are no strangers to headaches. Whether it’s due to stress, lack of sleep, or excessive screen time, headaches are a common part of everyday life. But if your headache is recurring, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms, you might be dealing with a migraine—a condition that affects millions of Malaysians and often goes undiagnosed. 

This article, featuring insights from neurosurgeon Dr. Arulkanesh Devatathan, explains the difference between migraines and headaches, along with their signs, symptoms, and hidden triggers.

Migraine or Just a Headache?

Headaches are typically felt as a dull, steady ache on both sides of the head or at the back of the neck. Tension headaches, the most common type, often feel like a tight band pressing around your head. They may be uncomfortable but are usually manageable and short-lived. 

Migraines, however, are much more intense. The pain is often throbbing or pulsing, usually on one side of the head. Migraines also tend to come with other symptoms such as:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smell 
• Blurred vision or visual disturbances 
• Dizziness or fatigue

Some people also experience early warning signs like mood swings, food cravings, or neck stiffness before the migraine begins. A migraine attack can last anywhere from several hours to a few days, often disrupting daily routines and work.

How Common Are Migraines in Malaysia?

According to the Galen Centre for Health and Social Policy, about 3.9 million Malaysians—roughly 12 percent of the population—live with migraine. That’s a significant number, yet many continue to self manage their symptoms without realising they may need medical attention. Migraines are more than just “bad headaches” and can have a real impact on quality of life and productivity.

What Causes Migraines?

While the exact cause is still being studied, migraines are believed to involve changes in brain activity, blood flow, and nerve signals. Genetics can play a role too. If a close family member suffers from migraines, you may be more likely to experience them as well. 

Migraines are often triggered by a combination of factors. Some are common, while others are easy to overlook. Recognising and managing your personal triggers can be an important part of reducing the frequency and intensity of attacks.

Triggers You Might Be Ignoring

Here are some everyday triggers that could be contributing to your migraines:

1. Irregular sleep 

Lack of sleep or even sleeping too much can set off a migraine. Changes to your sleep schedule (such as staying up late during the weekend) may affect your body’s internal rhythm and increase risk.

2. Certain foods and drinks 

Common triggers include aged cheese, chocolate, processed meats, artificial sweeteners, and alcohol (especially red wine). Even skipping meals or fasting can contribute to a migraine. 

3. Hormonal changes 

Many women report migraines around their menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, or when going through menopause. Hormonal contraceptives can also be a factor. 

4. Dehydration 

Malaysia’s hot weather makes it especially important to stay hydrated. 

5. Sensory sensitivity 

Bright lights, loud sounds, and strong smells (like perfume or smoke) are all possible triggers. Some people are also sensitive to weather changes or shifts in air pressure. 

6. Stress and post-stress crashes 

Stress is a major migraine trigger. Interestingly, some people experience migraines not during stress, but after it passes—such as on the weekend or after completing a stressful project. 

7. Too much screen time 

Staring at a computer or phone for long hours without breaks can strain your eyes and lead to head pain. Poor posture and lighting make it worse.

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you’re having frequent or severe headaches, or if your symptoms include nausea, vision changes, or sensitivity to light and sound, it’s time to talk to a doctor. Migraines are often underdiagnosed, and many people live with them for years without realising there are treatment options that can help. 

There is no one-size-fits-all cure, but migraines can be managed. This may include prescription medication, lifestyle changes, and avoiding known triggers. Keeping a headache diary to track patterns can also help in identifying what’s causing your symptoms.

If you’re experiencing recurring or severe migraines, our team is here to help. Get the support you need to manage symptoms more effectively. Book an appointment with Pantai Hospital Ampang today.